R-32 As An Alternative To Ammonia In Industrial Refrigeration
نویسندگان
چکیده
Ammonia is recognised to be the most commonly used refrigerant in industrial systems however it is limited in some applications by its toxicity. R-32 has similar flammability characteristics and a similar pressure-temperature relationship, and through its use as a blend component it has become widely used and readily available. This paper compares and contrasts ammonia and R-32 with specific reference to industrial applications. The analysis includes comparison of refrigerating effect, heat transfer performance and equipment size and looks at a variety of applications from low temperature freezers to high temperature heat pumps. Commercial factors such as price and availability are also considered. Opportunities for the adoption of new processes and materials, currently not feasible with ammonia are explored and the possible future trends in the industrial market are identified and evaluated. A hazard analysis for an industrial installation is described, showing the similarities to the type of analysis required for ammonia systems and identifying where the R-32 hazard analysis is different. The paper concludes with an assessment of the benefits that would be gained by the use of R-32 instead of ammonia, the constraints that would be required to make this happen and the likely probability of widespread adoption of R-32 in the industrial market.
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